A Critical Analysis of No Funeral for Nazia from the Perspective of Kachru’s Three-Circle Model of World Englishes

Abstract

The study focuses on how colonial history and regional socioeconomic circumstances have affected English's institutional and widespread use in Pakistan. This study uses Kachru's (1985) Outer Circle model of World Englishes to analyze the Pakistani English novel, No Funeral for Nazia. The study demonstrates how Pakistani English operates as a norm-developing variety with its own linguistic and cultural characteristics through an examination of narrative language, conversation, and cultural allusions in the book. Examples of code-switching and localized phrases that represent Pakistani identity, culture, and societal values are also examined in the study. The research makes the case that the novel portrays English as a meaningful and localized medium of expression rather than just a language used by native speakers by utilizing Kachru's Outer Circle framework. The results highlight the acceptance of Pakistani English as a valid variation and demonstrate how Kachru's paradigm may be used for the analysis of modern Pakistani English fiction.