غیر اسلامی تہذیب کی اساسات اور تاریخی و فکری ارتقاء کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

The findings indicate that the historical development of Western civilization has been characterized by remarkable achievements in science, technology, education, law, and material development, alongside significant intellectual debates concerning religion, spirituality, morality, and the purpose of human existence. From an Islamic perspective, the study emphasizes that sustainable civilizational development requires a balance between material progress and spiritual and moral values. The research concludes that the advancement of a civilization cannot be measured solely through scientific achievements, economic prosperity, or material resources; rather, its ethical framework, treatment of human beings, social responsibility, spiritual orientation, and preservation of moral values are equally important indicators of civilizational progress.