An analysis of Prayer (ṣalāh) and its related contemporary juristic issues in the light of Tafsīr Burhān al-Qur’ān

تفسیر برہان القرآن کی روشنی میں نماز اور اس سے متعلق جدید فقہی مسائل کا تجزیہ

Abstract

This article critically examines contemporary juristic issues related to Ṣalāh (prayer) in light of Qur’ānic guidance and classical Islamic jurisprudence, with particular reference to the exegesis Burhān al-Qur’ān by Qārī Muḥammad Ṭayyib Naqshbandī. As a central pillar of Islam, prayer not only establishes a direct relationship between the believer and Allah but also plays a vital role in shaping a disciplined and cohesive Muslim society. However, modern developments such as advanced modes of travel, changing social conditions, and medical complexities have given rise to new questions regarding the performance of prayer. The study explores key issues including the permissibility of offering prayer while traveling in contemporary means of transport such as airplanes, trains, and buses; the legal rulings and wisdom behind Ṣalāt al-Qaṣr (shortened prayer) and Ṣalāt al-Khawf (prayer in conditions of fear); and the application of Tayammum (dry ablution) in cases of illness or unavailability of water. It also highlights the importance of congregational prayer and the conditions related to imamate, as discussed in classical and contemporary juristic discourse. Employing an analytical and comparative methodology, the article evaluates the arguments presented by the author, examines his juristic approach, and compares his views with established positions of classical jurists, particularly within the Ḥanafī school. The study further emphasizes the adaptability and flexibility of Islamic law in addressing emerging challenges without compromising its foundational principles. The findings suggest that Islamic jurisprudence provides comprehensive guidance for maintaining the continuity of prayer under all circumstances, offering both ease and discipline. The article concludes that a balanced application of juristic principles, rooted in the Qur’ān, Sunnah, and sound reasoning, is essential for addressing contemporary issues related to worship in a rapidly changing world.